• Gene id: 9518

Gene Summary

• Gene Symbol: GDF15   Gene   UCSC   Ensembl
• Aliases: GDF-15, MIC-1, MIC1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB
• Gene name: growth differentiation factor 15
• Alternate names: growth/differentiation factor 15, NRG-1, NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)-activated protein 1, NSAID-activated gene 1 protein, NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein, PTGF-beta, macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-act,
• Gene location: 19p13.11 (18382169: 18389176)     Exons: 3     NC_000019.10
• Gene summary(Entrez): This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate
• OMIM: 605312

Protein Summary

• Protein general information: Q99988  
  • Name: Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF 15) (Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1) (MIC 1) (NSAID activated gene 1 protein) (NAG 1) (NSAID regulated gene 1 protein) (NRG 1) (Placental TGF beta) (Placental bone morphogenetic protein) (Prostate differentiation fa
  • Length: 308  
  • Mass: 34,140
• Sequence:

  MPGQELRTVNGSQMLLVLLVLSWLPHGGALSLAEASRASFPGPSELHSEDSRFRELRKRYEDLLTRLRANQSWED
  SNTDLVPAPAVRILTPEVRLGSGGHLHLRISRAALPEGLPEASRLHRALFRLSPTASRSWDVTRPLRRQLSLARP
  QAPALHLRLSPPPSQSDQLLAESSSARPQLELHLRPQAARGRRRARARNGDHCPLGPGRCCRLHTVRASLEDLGW
  ADWVLSPREVQVTMCIGACPSQFRAANMHAQIKTSLHRLKPDTVPAPCCVPASYNPMVLIQKTDTGVSLQTYDDL
  LAKDCHCI

• Structural information:
  • Interpro: IPR029034  IPR001839  IPR015615  
  • Prosite: PS51362
  • PDB: 5VT2 5VZ3 5VZ4
  • PDBsum: 5VT2 5VZ3 5VZ4
  • STRING: ENSP00000252809
• Other Databases: GeneCards:  GDF15  Malacards:  GDF15

Gene ontology

GO accession	Term name	Evidence code	Go category
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0005160	transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	IBA	molecular function
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IBA	cellular component
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	biological process
GO:0007179	transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	TAS	biological process
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0010862	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	IBA	biological process
GO:0042981	regulation of apoptotic process	IBA	biological process
GO:0043408	regulation of MAPK cascade	IBA	biological process
GO:0048468	cell development	IBA	biological process
GO:0060395	SMAD protein signal transduction	IBA	biological process
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	IDA	cellular component
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	IDA	cellular component
GO:1901741	positive regulation of myoblast fusion	IEA	biological process
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	TAS	molecular function
GO:0005160	transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	IBA	molecular function
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IBA	cellular component
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IEA	cellular component
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	biological process
GO:0007179	transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	TAS	biological process
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0010862	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	IBA	biological process
GO:0042981	regulation of apoptotic process	IBA	biological process
GO:0043408	regulation of MAPK cascade	IBA	biological process
GO:0048468	cell development	IBA	biological process
GO:0060395	SMAD protein signal transduction	IBA	biological process
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	IDA	cellular component
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	IDA	cellular component
GO:1901741	positive regulation of myoblast fusion	IEA	biological process
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	TAS	molecular function
GO:0005160	transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	IBA	molecular function
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IBA	cellular component
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	biological process
GO:0007179	transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	TAS	biological process
GO:0010862	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	IBA	biological process
GO:0042981	regulation of apoptotic process	IBA	biological process
GO:0043408	regulation of MAPK cascade	IBA	biological process
GO:0048468	cell development	IBA	biological process
GO:0060395	SMAD protein signal transduction	IBA	biological process
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	IDA	cellular component
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	IDA	cellular component

KEGG pathways

Pathway id	Pathway name
hsa04060	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

Diseases

Associated diseases	References
Cancer (colorectal)	GAD: 12855642
Cancer	GAD: 19505919
Cancer (bladder)	GAD: 19692168
Cancer (lung)	GAD: 18676680
Cancer (prostate)	GAD: 19505919
Hypertension	GAD: 19505289
Alzheimer's disease	GAD: 19141999
Endometriosis	INFBASE: 20937742
Endometriosis	INFBASE: 26148093
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)	INFBASE: 24736483
Female infertility	INFBASE: 26148093
Semen quality	MIK: 20884666
Male factor infertility	MIK: 20884666
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	GAD: 19625176
Hypertrophy	GAD: 19505289
Semen quality defects	MIK: 20884666
Male infertility	MIK: 20884666
Spermatogenic defects	MIK: 31037746

PubMed references

PMID	Condition	Mutation	Ethnicity	Population details	Infertility_type	Associated_genes
20884666	Semen quality, Male infertility			53 seminal plasma samples of both fertile and infertile men	Male infertility
31037746	Spermatogenic defects			16 (1 control, 15 cases)	Male infertility	GSE6023 analyzed using GEO2R