• Gene id: 5617

Gene Summary

• Gene Symbol: PRL   Gene   UCSC   Ensembl
• Aliases: GHA1
• Gene name: prolactin
• Alternate names: prolactin, decidual prolactin, growth hormone A1,
• Gene location: 6p22.3 (22302896: 22287243)     Exons: 7     NC_000006.12
• Gene summary(Entrez): This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lact
• OMIM: 176760

Protein Summary

• Protein general information: P01236  
  • Name: Prolactin (PRL)
  • Length: 227  
  • Mass: 25,876
• Sequence:

  MNIKGSPWKGSLLLLLVSNLLLCQSVAPLPICPGGAARCQVTLRDLFDRAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEFDKRYTHG
  RGFITKAINSCHTSSLATPEDKEQAQQMNQKDFLSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVTEVRGMQEAPEAILSKAVEIEEQ
  TKRLLEGMELIVSQVHPETKENEIYPVWSGLPSLQMADEESRLSAYYNLLHCLRRDSHKIDNYLKLLKCRIIHNN
  NC

• Structural information:
  • Interpro: IPR009079  IPR001400  IPR018116  
  • Prosite: PS00266 PS00338
  • PDB: 1RW5 2Q98 3D48 3EW3 3MZG 3N06 3N0P 3NCB 3NCC 3NCE 3NCF 3NPZ
  • PDBsum: 1RW5 2Q98 3D48 3EW3 3MZG 3N06 3N0P 3NCB 3NCC 3NCE 3NCF 3NPZ
  • DIP: 59635
  • STRING: ENSP00000302150
• Other Databases: GeneCards:  PRL  Malacards:  PRL

Gene ontology

GO accession	Term name	Evidence code	Go category
GO:0005148	prolactin receptor binding	TAS	molecular function
GO:0005179	hormone activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005622	intracellular	IEA	cellular component
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0007565	female pregnancy	NAS	biological process
GO:0007595	lactation	IEA	biological process
GO:0008283	cell proliferation	TAS	biological process
GO:0040014	regulation of multicellular organism growth	IEP	biological process
GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process	TAS	biological process
GO:0046427	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	IDA	biological process
GO:0060397	JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0005148	prolactin receptor binding	TAS	molecular function
GO:0005179	hormone activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0005179	hormone activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005622	intracellular	IEA	cellular component
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0007565	female pregnancy	NAS	biological process
GO:0007595	lactation	IEA	biological process
GO:0008283	cell proliferation	TAS	biological process
GO:0040014	regulation of multicellular organism growth	IEP	biological process
GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process	TAS	biological process
GO:0046427	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	IDA	biological process
GO:0060397	JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0005148	prolactin receptor binding	TAS	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0007565	female pregnancy	NAS	biological process
GO:0008283	cell proliferation	TAS	biological process
GO:0040014	regulation of multicellular organism growth	IEP	biological process
GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process	TAS	biological process
GO:0046427	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	IDA	biological process
GO:0060397	JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway	TAS	biological process

KEGG pathways

Pathway id	Pathway name
hsa04151	PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04080	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
hsa04060	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
hsa04917	Prolactin signaling pathway

Diseases

Associated diseases	References
Paget's disease	GAD: 21623375
Cancer	GAD: 16214922
Cancer (prostate)	GAD: 17507624
Cancer (lymphoma)	GAD: 18636124
Cancer (breast)	GAD: 16434456
Hyperparathyroidism	GAD: 20424473
Arthritis	GAD: 12154211
Multiple sclerosis	GAD: 12559630
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	GAD: 11721693
Obesity	GAD: 19851340
Autism	GAD: 18207134
Psychological disorders	GAD: 19086053
Several psychiatric disorders	GAD: 19086053
Abortion	GAD: 20716560
Hyperprolactinemia	INFBASE: 15690710
Secondary amennorhea	INFBASE: 2119170
Endometriosis	INFBASE: 11383925
Female infertility	INFBASE: 23116354
Primary or secondary amenorrhea	INFBASE: 2119170
Implantation failure	INFBASE: 15218000
Luteal phase defect	INFBASE: 2022718
Anovulation	INFBASE: 3085993
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)	INFBASE: 25359296
Peritoneal endometriosis	INFBASE: 26583603
Unexplained infertility	INFBASE: 2512358
Azoospermia	MIK: 15203635
Poor sperm motility	MIK: 2619414
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia	MIK: 23933342
Male factor infertility	MIK: 686399
Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS)	MIK: 7589627
Oligozoospermia	MIK: 15203635
Ejaculatory dysfunction	MIK: 26817308
Childhood-onset mood disorders	GAD: 20547007
Azoospermia	MIK: 15203635
Oligozoospermia	MIK: 15203635
Cryptorchidism	MIK: 28606200
Ejaculatory dysfunction	MIK: 26817308
Male infertility	MIK: 23970454
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome	MIK: 23933342
Poor sperm motility	MIK: 2619414
Sertoli cell only syndrome	MIK: 7589627

PubMed references

PMID	Condition	Mutation	Ethnicity	Population details	Infertility_type	Associated_genes
686399	Male infertility			126 (105 men attending a male infertility, 21 men of proven fertility controls)	Male infertility	FSH LH PRL
15203635	Azoospermia, Oligozoospermia			51 (20 men with normospermia, 20 with oligospermia, 11 with azoospermia)	Male infertility
23970454	Male infertility			288 consecutive males of infertile couples	Male infertility
26817308	Ejaculatory dysfunction, male infertility				Male infertility	PRL PRLR
7589627	Sertoli cell only syndrome			120 azoospermic infertile men	Male infertility	PRL
2619414	Poor sperm motility			98 (6 men with hypoprolactinemia, 92 men attending an infertility clinic)	Male infertility	PRL
3335260	Oligospermia, Azoospermia			120 men seen with their wives because of infertility	Male infertility	PRL
617928	Male infertility				Male infertility	PRL
23933342	Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome			96 patients with idiopathic or varicocele-related OAT	Male infertility	PRL FSH LH
28606200	Cryptorchidism			Monozgotic twins (1 control, I cwith cryptorchidism)	Male infertility	MeDIP-Seq