• Gene id: 4192

Gene Summary

• Gene Symbol: MDK   Gene   UCSC   Ensembl
• Aliases: ARAP, MK, NEGF2
• Gene name: midkine
• Alternate names: midkine, amphiregulin-associated protein, midgestation and kidney protein, neurite growth-promoting factor 2, neurite outgrowth-promoting factor 2, retinoic acid inducible factor,
• Gene location: 11p11.2 (46380783: 46383836)     Exons: 6     NC_000011.10
• Gene summary(Entrez): This gene encodes a member of a small family of secreted growth factors that binds heparin and responds to retinoic acid. The encoded protein promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, in particular during tumorigenesis. This gene has been targete
• OMIM: 162096

Protein Summary

• Protein general information: P21741  
  • Name: Midkine (MK) (Amphiregulin associated protein) (ARAP) (Midgestation and kidney protein) (Neurite outgrowth promoting factor 2) (Neurite outgrowth promoting protein)
  • Length: 143  
  • Mass: 15585
  • Tissue specificity: Expressed in various tumor cell lines. In insulinoma tissue predominantly expressed in precancerous lesions. {ECO
• Sequence:

  MQHRGFLLLTLLALLALTSAVAKKKDKVKKGGPGSECAEWAWGPCTPSSKDCGVGFREGTCGAQTQRIRCRVPCN
  WKKEFGADCKYKFENWGACDGGTGTKVRQGTLKKARYNAQCQETIRVTKPCTPKTKAKAKAKKGKGKD

• Structural information:
  • Interpro: IPR000762  IPR020090  IPR038130  IPR020091  IPR020089   IPR037122  IPR020092  
  • Prosite: PS00619 PS00620
  • PDB: 1MKC 1MKN
  • PDBsum: 1MKC 1MKN
  • DIP: 5789
  • STRING: ENSP00000385451
• Other Databases: GeneCards:  MDK  Malacards:  MDK

Gene ontology

GO accession	Term name	Evidence code	Go category
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	IBA	molecular function
GO:0030335	positive regulation of cell migration	IDA	biological process
GO:1904399	heparan sulfate binding	IDA	molecular function
GO:0010838	positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	IDA	biological process
GO:2000249	regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization	IDA	biological process
GO:0043524	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IDA	biological process
GO:0010976	positive regulation of neuron projection development	IDA	biological process
GO:0045785	positive regulation of cell adhesion	IDA	biological process
GO:0048714	positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	IDA	biological process
GO:0035374	chondroitin sulfate binding	ISS	molecular function
GO:0010759	positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	ISS	biological process
GO:0002232	leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISS	biological process
GO:0050729	positive regulation of inflammatory response	IMP	biological process
GO:0010667	negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IMP	biological process
GO:0010759	positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	IMP	biological process
GO:0002232	leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	IMP	biological process
GO:0071673	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis	IMP	biological process
GO:1905564	positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	ISS	biological process
GO:0045582	positive regulation of T cell differentiation	ISS	biological process
GO:0002286	T cell activation involved in immune response	ISS	biological process
GO:0061036	positive regulation of cartilage development	ISS	biological process
GO:0032330	regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	ISS	biological process
GO:1904996	positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	ISS	biological process
GO:0106016	positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS	biological process
GO:0030279	negative regulation of ossification	ISS	biological process
GO:2000179	positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	ISS	biological process
GO:0106015	negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS	biological process
GO:0010667	negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS	biological process
GO:1900026	positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	ISS	biological process
GO:0106091	glial cell projection elongation	ISS	biological process
GO:0007010	cytoskeleton organization	ISS	biological process
GO:2000347	positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	ISS	biological process
GO:0002690	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	ISS	biological process
GO:0048477	oogenesis	ISS	biological process
GO:0010996	response to auditory stimulus	ISS	biological process
GO:0007162	negative regulation of cell adhesion	ISS	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:1903039	positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	IMP	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0010976	positive regulation of neuron projection development	IMP	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:1905555	positive regulation blood vessel branching	IMP	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:1905653	positive regulation of artery morphogenesis	ISS	biological process
GO:2000391	positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation	ISS	biological process
GO:0090090	negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	ISS	biological process
GO:0046850	regulation of bone remodeling	ISS	biological process
GO:1904036	negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	ISS	biological process
GO:0090023	positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	ISS	biological process
GO:0042246	tissue regeneration	ISS	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:2001224	positive regulation of neuron migration	IMP	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:2001184	positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion	IMP	biological process
GO:0045590	negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	IMP	biological process
GO:0044849	estrous cycle	ISS	biological process
GO:0010718	positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IMP	biological process
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0030154	cell differentiation	IEA	biological process
GO:0051781	positive regulation of cell division	IEA	biological process
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0008201	heparin binding	IEA	molecular function
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	IEA	molecular function
GO:0007275	multicellular organism development	IEA	biological process
GO:0007165	signal transduction	NAS	biological process
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	cellular component
GO:0007219	Notch signaling pathway	TAS	biological process
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	molecular function
GO:0042493	response to drug	IEA	biological process
GO:0009725	response to hormone	IEA	biological process
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IEA	cellular component
GO:2000391	positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation	IEA	biological process
GO:1905653	positive regulation of artery morphogenesis	IEA	biological process
GO:1904036	negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	IEA	biological process
GO:0090090	negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IEA	biological process
GO:0090023	positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	IEA	biological process
GO:0046850	regulation of bone remodeling	IEA	biological process
GO:0044849	estrous cycle	IEA	biological process
GO:0043524	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IEA	biological process
GO:0042246	tissue regeneration	IEA	biological process
GO:0021987	cerebral cortex development	IEA	biological process
GO:0008201	heparin binding	IEA	molecular function
GO:0007162	negative regulation of cell adhesion	IEA	biological process
GO:0051384	response to glucocorticoid	IEA	biological process
GO:0042995	cell projection	IEA	cellular component
GO:0030325	adrenal gland development	IEA	biological process
GO:0016477	cell migration	IEA	biological process
GO:0009611	response to wounding	IEA	biological process
GO:2000347	positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IEA	biological process
GO:2000179	positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	IEA	biological process
GO:1905564	positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IEA	biological process
GO:1904996	positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IEA	biological process
GO:1901215	negative regulation of neuron death	IEA	biological process
GO:1900026	positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	IEA	biological process
GO:0106091	glial cell projection elongation	IEA	biological process
GO:0106016	positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	IEA	biological process
GO:0106015	negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	IEA	biological process
GO:0061036	positive regulation of cartilage development	IEA	biological process
GO:0050795	regulation of behavior	IEA	biological process
GO:0048477	oogenesis	IEA	biological process
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IEA	biological process
GO:0045582	positive regulation of T cell differentiation	IEA	biological process
GO:0035374	chondroitin sulfate binding	IEA	molecular function
GO:0032330	regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	IEA	biological process
GO:0030421	defecation	IEA	biological process
GO:0030279	negative regulation of ossification	IEA	biological process
GO:0021766	hippocampus development	IEA	biological process
GO:0021681	cerebellar granular layer development	IEA	biological process
GO:0021542	dentate gyrus development	IEA	biological process
GO:0010996	response to auditory stimulus	IEA	biological process
GO:0010759	positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	IEA	biological process
GO:0010667	negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA	biological process
GO:0009611	response to wounding	IEA	biological process
GO:0007614	short-term memory	IEA	biological process
GO:0007010	cytoskeleton organization	IEA	biological process
GO:0002690	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	IEA	biological process
GO:0002286	T cell activation involved in immune response	IEA	biological process
GO:0002232	leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	IEA	biological process
GO:0001662	behavioral fear response	IEA	biological process
GO:0062023	collagen-containing extracellular matrix	HDA	colocalizes with
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	cellular component
GO:0008201	heparin binding	IDA	molecular function
GO:0030325	adrenal gland development	ISS	biological process
GO:0009611	response to wounding	ISS	biological process
GO:0030154	cell differentiation	NAS	biological process
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	NAS	molecular function
GO:0007399	nervous system development	NAS	biological process

Diseases

Associated diseases	References
Brain ischemia	PMID:12127679
Endometriosis	PMID:15734764
Aberrant CpGs in Low Motility Sperm	MIK: 21674046
Spermatogenic defects	MIK: 31037746
Teratozoospermia	MIK: 17327269

PubMed references

PMID	Condition	Mutation	Ethnicity	Population details	Infertility_type	Associated_genes
17327269	Teratozoospermia			13 (5 controls, 8 cases)	Male infertility	GSE6967 analyzed by GEO2R (cutoff 1.5 fold)
21674046	Aberrant CpGs in Low Motility Sperm			18	Male infertility	GSE26881
31037746	Spermatogenic defects			16 (1 control, 15 cases)	Male infertility	GSE6023 analyzed using GEO2R