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Gene id 2944
Gene Summary    Protein Summary    Gene ontology    KEGG pathways    Diseases    PubMed    

Gene Summary
Gene Symbol GSTM1   Gene   UCSC   Ensembl
Aliases GST1, GSTM1-1, GSTM1a-1a, GSTM1b-1b, GTH4, GTM1, H-B, MU, MU-1
Gene name glutathione S-transferase mu 1
Alternate names glutathione S-transferase Mu 1, GST HB subunit 4, GST class-mu 1, HB subunit 4, S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase, glutathione S-alkyltransferase, glutathione S-aralkyltransferase, glutathione S-aryltransferase, glutathione S-transferase M1,
Gene location 1p13.3 (109687795: 109693744)     Exons: 8     NC_000001.11
Gene summary(Entrez) Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omeg
OMIM 138350

Protein Summary
Protein general information P09488  

Name: Glutathione S transferase Mu 1 (EC 2.5.1.18) (GST HB subunit 4) (GST class mu 1) (GSTM1 1) (GSTM1a 1a) (GSTM1b 1b) (GTH4)

Length: 218  Mass: 25,712

Tissue specificity: Synthesized in the liver and secreted in plasma.

Sequence MPMILGYWDIRGLAHAIRLLLEYTDSSYEEKKYTMGDAPDYDRSQWLNEKFKLGLDFPNLPYLIDGAHKITQSNA
ILCYIARKHNLCGETEEEKIRVDILENQTMDNHMQLGMICYNPEFEKLKPKYLEELPEKLKLYSEFLGKRPWFAG
NKITFVDFLVYDVLDLHRIFEPKCLDAFPNLKDFISRFEGLEKISAYMKSSRFLPRPVFSKMAVWGNK
Structural information
Protein Domains
 GST (2-88)
GST (90-208)
Interpro:  IPR010987  IPR036282  IPR004045  IPR004046  IPR003081  
IPR036249  
Prosite:   PS50405 PS50404

PDB:  		 1GTU 1XW6 1XWK 1YJ6 2F3M
PDBsum:   1GTU 1XW6 1XWK 1YJ6 2F3M
STRING:   ENSP00000311469
Other Databases GeneCards:  GSTM1  Malacards:  GSTM1

Gene ontology

Expand All | Collapse All
GO accessionTerm nameEvidence codeGo category
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 IDA molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 TAS molecular function
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
 IDA cellular component
GO:0005829 cytosol
 TAS cellular component
GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic pro
cess
 IDA biological process
GO:0018916 nitrobenzene metabolic pr
ocess
 IDA biological process
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
 IPI molecular function
GO:0042178 xenobiotic catabolic proc
ess
 IDA biological process
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization
activity
 IPI molecular function
GO:0043295 glutathione binding
 IDA molecular function
GO:0070458 cellular detoxification o
f nitrogen compound
 IDA biological process
GO:1901687 glutathione derivative bi
osynthetic process
 TAS biological process
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 IEA molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 IEA molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 IDA molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 TAS molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 TAS molecular function
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
 IEA cellular component
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
 IEA cellular component
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
 IDA cellular component
GO:0005829 cytosol
 TAS cellular component
GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic pro
cess
 IDA biological process
GO:0008152 metabolic process
 IEA biological process
GO:0016740 transferase activity
 IEA molecular function
GO:0018916 nitrobenzene metabolic pr
ocess
 IDA biological process
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
 IPI molecular function
GO:0042178 xenobiotic catabolic proc
ess
 IDA biological process
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization
activity
 IPI molecular function
GO:0043295 glutathione binding
 IDA molecular function
GO:0070458 cellular detoxification o
f nitrogen compound
 IDA biological process
GO:1901687 glutathione derivative bi
osynthetic process
 TAS biological process
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 IDA molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 TAS molecular function
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase a
ctivity
 TAS molecular function
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
 IDA cellular component
GO:0005829 cytosol
 TAS cellular component
GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic pro
cess
 IDA biological process
GO:0018916 nitrobenzene metabolic pr
ocess
 IDA biological process
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
 IPI molecular function
GO:0042178 xenobiotic catabolic proc
ess
 IDA biological process
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization
activity
 IPI molecular function
GO:0043295 glutathione binding
 IDA molecular function
GO:0070458 cellular detoxification o
f nitrogen compound
 IDA biological process
GO:1901687 glutathione derivative bi
osynthetic process
 TAS biological process

KEGG pathways

Expand All | Collapse All

Pathway idPathway name
hsa01100Metabolic pathways
hsa05200Pathways in cancer
hsa05204Chemical carcinogenesis
hsa05225Hepatocellular carcinoma
hsa05418Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
hsa01524Platinum drug resistance

Diseases

Expand All | Collapse All
Associated diseases References
Astrocytoma GAD: 15102663
Cancer GAD: 20056743
Cancer (thyroid) GAD: 17158763
Cancer (transitional cell) GAD: 18569590
Cancer (urinary bladder) GAD: 19467981
Cancer (uterine cervical) GAD: 18177825
Soft tissue sarcoma GAD: 15459223
Leukoplakia GAD: 18507060
Brill-Symmers disease GAD: 17454600
Cancer (Adenocarcinoma) GAD: 12940438
Cancer (Adenoma) GAD: 19589345
Cancer (Aerodigestive tract) GAD: 20012094
Cancer (basal cell) GAD: 19800766
Cancer (bladder) GAD: 15219943
Cancer (brain) GAD: 17372252
Cancer (Cerebellar) GAD: 18952980
Cancer (cervical) GAD: 12552594
Cancer (Chronic B-Cell Leukemias) GAD: 12010828
Cancer (colon) GAD: 18992263
Cancer (colorectal) GAD: 16006997
Cancer (endometrial) GAD: 20381444
Cancer (esophageal) GAD: 15327835
Cancer (gallbladder) GAD: 16760134
Cancer (gastric) GAD: 19506726
Cancer (germinoma) GAD: 19741569
Cancer (glaucoma) GAD: 11040079
Cancer (glioma) GAD: 20391338
Cancer (Hematologic) GAD: 10383893
Cancer (head and neck) GAD: 20491576
Cancer (Hepatocellular) GAD: 11859714
Cancer (Hodgkin disease) GAD: 15368334
Cancer (kidney) GAD: 17617661
Cancer (laryngeal) GAD: 12668919
Cancer (leukemia) GAD: 15981231
Cancer (liver) GAD: 15734960
Cancer (lung) GAD: 12234692
Cancer (lymphoma) GAD: 15725081
Cancer (melanoma) GAD: 17072629
Cancer (mesothelioma) GAD: 16697254
Cancer (mouth) GAD: 19160101
Cancer (myeloid leukemia) GAD: 19811334
Cancer (myeloma) GAD: 15136237
Cancer (nasopharyngeal) GAD: 15634519
Cancer (Neuroblastoma) GAD: 15900216
Cancer (non-Hodgkin lymphoma) GAD: 12139735
Cancer (non-melanoma skin cancer) GAD: 15459020
Cancer (oral) GAD: 16393248
Cancer (orolaryngeal) GAD: 12747973
Cancer (oropharyngeal) GAD: 12029283
Cancer (ovarian) GAD: 16710704
Cancer (pancreatic) GAD: 11719088
Cancer (Papilary) GAD: 18591888
Cancer (papillary thyroid cancer) GAD: 19629346
Cancer (prostate) GAD: 14719475
Cancer (Renal cell) GAD: 18566013
Cancer (Squamous cell) GAD: 18507050
Cancer (stomach) GAD: 11692073
Cancer (testicular) GAD: 18162130
Cancer (breast) GAD: 16110016
Atherosclerosis GAD: 12355548
Cardiovascular disease GAD: 18583868
Hypertension GAD: 15167446
Brain ischemia GAD: 12663932
Intrauterine growth retardation GAD: 14665706
Limb deficiency defects GAD: 16906563
Down syndrome GAD: 19491810
Neuropathy GAD: 15838728
Cystic fibrosis GAD: 15125256
Cleft defects GAD: 12030886
Esophageal atresia GAD: 20740495
Gastric disease GAD: 15734972
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive disease GAD: 18641537
Graves disease GAD: 17980001
Diabetic neuropathy GAD: 15125229
Optic nerve diseases GAD: 19286687
Exfoliation syndrome GAD: 18334963
Glaucoma GAD: 11040079
Macular degeneration GAD: 16496253
Pterygium GAD: 20596254
Retinopathy GAD: 21038299
Eye diseases GAD: 18447907
Anemia GAD: 14752874
Fanconi anemia GAD: 16173971
Beta-thalassemia GAD: 16798650
Aplastic anemia GAD: 16079101
Myelodysplastic syndrome GAD: 16620556
Neutropenia GAD: 19074750
Hodgkin disease GAD: 18768784
Asthma GAD: 12018173
Chronic ulcerative colitis GAD: 20459366
Inflammatory bowel disease GAD: 17565649
Rheumatoid arthritis GAD: 11920399
Multiple sclerosis GAD: 14658041
Psoriasis GAD: 12713578
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) GAD: 12563680
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) GAD: 19561157
Behcet's disease GAD: 16283344
Crohn's disease GAD: 12631667
Hypersensitivity GAD: 14726165
Fatty liver GAD: 18492019
Obesity GAD: 19057702
Biliary cirrhosis GAD: 15559321
Diabetes GAD: 15931768
Dyslipidemias GAD: 18254710
Bone diseases GAD: 16520888
Mental retardation GAD: 19860743
Tardive dyskinesia GAD: 16160620
Motor neuron disease GAD: 12500684
Peripheral nervous system diseases GAD: 19223573
Alzheimer's disease GAD: 15805147
Epilepsy GAD: 12499585
Parkinson disease GAD: 11688992
Arthritis GAD: 12421093
Hearing Loss GAD: 17228018
Hearing Loss GAD: 19898482
Autism GAD: 16472391
Dyspepsia GAD: 18365908
Psychological disorders GAD: 18325667
Schizophrenia GAD: 11181039
Chronic renal failure GAD: 18067039
Abortion GAD: 12606593
GSTM1 methylation infertility GAD: 17277043
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) GAD: 15333250
Hypospadias GAD: 15579657
Fetal Growth Retardation GAD: 19440446
Varicocele GAD: 19151739
Infertility GAD: 19768671
Leiomyoma GAD: 18829006
Preeclampsia GAD: 11751440
Miscarriage GAD: 19892789
Pregnancy complications GAD: 19246429
Premature birth GAD: 18706519
Premature ovarian failure (POF) GAD: 18630123
Preterm birth risk GAD: 18589596
Endometriosis INFBASE: 26370772
Asthenozoospermia MIK: 25825237
Male factor infertility MIK: 18774560
Azoospermia MIK: 23450492
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia MIK: 23324581
Azoospermia MIK: 25532576
Oligozoospermia MIK: 25532576
Male factor infertility MIK: 20505681
Oligozoospermia MIK: 20629642
Male factor infertility MIK: 18774560
Spermatogenesis defects MIK: 23311983
Varicocele MIK: 11870126
Spermatogenesis defects MIK: 22648520
Male factor infertility MIK: 22648520
Spermatogenesis defects MIK: 8876265
Male factor infertility MIK: 21546615
Non-obstructive infertility MIK: 17277043
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) GAD: 18461673
Lung disease GAD: 12153964
Asthma GAD: 12969868
Rhinitis GAD: 20088379
Erythema GAD: 12083949
Solar keratosis GAD: 12485442
Vitiligo GAD: 19571817
Dermatitis GAD: 19842992
Ascorbic acid deficiency GAD: 19710200
Dysmenorrhea GAD: 20197727
Elers-Danlose syndrome GAD: 17020091
Emphysema GAD: 12579334
Encephalopathy GAD: 17022435
Respiratory distress syndrome GAD: 18993042
Cognitive function GAD: 19057715
Genital diseases GAD: 19799358
Proteinuria GAD: 18455004
Nephrotic syndrome GAD: 18594869
Balkan nephropathy GAD: 15365958
Cataract GAD: 8631631
Associated with the fibrous sheath, that becomes an integral part of the mouse sperm cytoskeleton MIK: 8607970
Asthenozoospermia MIK: 25825237
Azoospermia MIK: 23450492
Endometriosis MIK: 26370772
Oligospermia MIK: 25532576
Spermatogenic defects MIK: 23311983
Male infertility MIK: 16484136
Non obstructive azoospermia MIK: 24012201
Sertoli cell only syndrome MIK: 23869807
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia MIK: 23324581
Oligoasthenozoospermia MIK: 22648520
Varicocele MIK: 11870126

PubMed references

Expand All | Collapse All
PMID Condition Mutation Ethnicity Population details Infertility_type Associated_genes Abstract
21561808 Male infer
tility
 PON and GST genes (PON1-55/192, PON2-311, GSTM1/T1) Sloveni
an
 381 (187 infert
ile men (86 wit
h non-obstructi
ve azoospermia
(NOA) and 101 w
ith oligoasthen
oteratozoosperm
ia (OAT)), 194
fertile men)
 Male infertility PON1
GSTM
 Show abstract
25825237 Asthenozoo
spermia

Male infertility Tubulin beta 2B; glutathione S-transferase Mu 3; keratin
type II cytoskeletal 1; outer dense fiber protein 2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2; A-kinase anchor protein 4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B; sperm protein associated with t
 Show abstract
25532576 Idiopathic
azoosperm
ia, oligos
permia
 GSTT1-null and GSTP1 (Ile/Val + Val/Val), GSTP1 variant genotype (Ile/Val + Val/Val) Chinese
 723 (361 men wi
th idiopathic a
zoospermia, 118
men with idiop
athic oligosper
mia, 234 age-ma
tched healthy f
ertile male con
trols)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
and GSTP1
 Show abstract
25130880 Idiopathic
male infe
rtility
 Egyptia
n
 120 (60 with pr
imary idiopathi
c infertility,
60 fertile men
as controls)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
23877133 Male infer
tility
 Asian a
nd Cauc
asian 
 120 (60 with pr
imary idiopathi
c infertility,
60 fertile men
as controls)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
23631429 Male infer
tility
 Caucasi
an and
Chinese
 4035 (2174 case
s, 1861 control
s)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
23450492 Azoospermi
a
 M1 (-/-) and P1 (Ile/Val or Val/Val) genotype
378 (236 azoosp
ermia patients,
142 healthy fe
rtile male cont
rols)
 Male infertility GSTT1
 GSTM1 and GSTP1
 Show abstract
23324581 Oligoasthe
noteratozo
ospermia
 Ile105Val and Ala114Val
121 (95 inferti
le men with OAT
, 26 controls w
ith normozoospe
rmia)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTP1
 Show abstract
23311983 Male facto
r infertil
ity, Impai
red sperma
togenesis
 Chinese
 554 (353 patien
ts with azoospe
rmia or oligosp
ermia, 201 fert
ile controls)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
23239128 Male facto
r infertil
ity
 Asian,
Caucasi
an
Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
23164539 Male facto
r infertil
ity

Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
23026209 Idiopathic
male infe
rtility
 Asian,
Europea
n
 3682 (1897 case
s, 1785 control
s)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
22903474 Male facto
r infertil
ity
 GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype
2377 (1323 case
s, 1054 control
s)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
and GSTP1
 Show abstract
22622525 Male infer
tility
3126 (1, 589 in
fertility cases
, 1, 537 contro
ls)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
22383780 Male infer
tility
 GSTM1 and GSTT1 (-/-) genotypes North I
ndian
 204 (113 nonobs
tructive azoosp
ermia patients,
91 healthy fer
tile controls)
 Male infertility GSTT1
GSTM1
 Show abstract
21775774 Idiopathic
male infe
rtility
 Norther
n Iran
 350 (150 infert
ile men, 200 he
althy men as co
ntrols)
 Male infertility GSTT1
GSTM1
and CYP1A1
 Show abstract
21561808 Male infer
tility
 PON1-55/192, PON2-311, GSTM1/T1
381 (187 infert
ile men (86 wit
h non-obstructi
ve azoospermia
(NOA) and 101 w
ith oligoasthen
oteratozoosperm
ia (OAT)), 194
fertile men)
 Male infertility PON1
PON2
GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
21546615 Varicocele
, Male inf
ertility
 GSTP1 A/A and A/G+G/G genotypes, GSTT1 null genotypes Northwe
stern C
hina
 95 (65 infertil
e men with vari
coceles, 30 con
trols)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
and GSTM1/T1
 Show abstract
20686491 Idiopathic
male infe
rtility
 GSTM1 present/null, GSTT1 present/ null, GSTP1 Ile105Val
1617 (862 male
infertility cas
es, 755 contro
ls)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
GSTP1
Show abstract
20629642 Oligosperm
ic, Male
infertilil
ty
85 (42 infertil
e men, 43 fert
ile men)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
20505681 Idiopathic
male infe
rtility
 GSTP1 (Ile/Val and Val/Val), GSTM1 or GSTT1null genotypes
332 (166 men su
ffering from id
iopathic oligoa
sthenoteratozoo
spermia (OAT),
166 healthy mal
e controls)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1 and GSTP1
 Show abstract
19768671 Idiopathic
infertili
ty
 GSTM1/T1 (null)
466 (233 men wi
th idiopathic i
nfertility, 105
normal individ
uals, 128 abnor
mal individuals
)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
18774560 Male facto
r infertil
ity
 CYP1A1 Val/Val or CYP1A1 Ile/Val, GSTM null genotype
215 (110 men wi
th infertility,
105 healthy fe
rtile men)
 Male infertility CYP1A1(*)2C
 GSTM1
and GSTT1
 Show abstract
17277043 Non-obstru
ctive infe
rtility 
 MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) and DNMT3b (C46359T) Indian
 379 (179 oligoa
sthenoteratozoo
spermia patient
s, 200 fertile
men)
 Male infertility MTHFR
DNMT3b and GSTM1
 Show abstract
17187162 Idiopathic
infertili
ty
 GSTM1 null genotype 
112 (52 men wit
h idiopathic in
fertility, 60 h
ealthy fertile
men)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
16484136 Male infer
tility
  MTHFR C677T
105 (46 subject
s reported havi
ng had a child,
59 were still
childless)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
20056207 Idiopathic
infertili
ty
 Russian
 430 (203 infert
ile, 227 fertil
e men)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
23238917 Idiopathic
infertili
ty
 Caucasi
an
 3574 (1,845 idi
opathic inferti
lity males, 1,7
29 controls)
 Male infertility GSTM1
GSTT1
 Show abstract
22648520 Oligoasthe
nozoosperm
ic, idiopa
thic asthe
nozoosperm
ic
Nrf2 SNPs (-617 G > T and -653 T > C)
631 (196 idiopa
thic asthenozoo
spermic patient
s, 140 idiopath
ic oligoastheno
zoospermic pati
ents, and 295 c
ontrols)
 Male infertility GSTM1
Nrf2 and SOD2
 Show abstract
18774560 Male facto
r infertil
ity
215 (110 men wi
th infertility,
105 healthy fe
rtile men)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
8876265 Spermatoge
nic disord
ers
271 (50 moderat
edrinking men (
21 had normal s
permatogenesis
, 24 men had pa
rtial spermatog
enesis, 5 compl
ete arrest of s
permatogenesis)
, 212 heavy dri
nking men (45 w
ith normal sper
matogenesis, 77
had partial se
rmatogenic defe
cts, 81 with co
mplete arrest o
 Male infertility
Show abstract
26370772 Endometrio
sis
 Chinese
Han
 1871 (874 cases
, 997 controls)
Show abstract
11870126 Varicocele
, Male inf
ertility
 4977 bp deletion of sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Taiwane
se
 202 (80 young m
ale patients wi
th varicocele (
group 1), 62 yo
ung male patien
ts with subclin
ical varicocele
(group 2), 60
normal young ma
les (group 3))
 Male infertility GSTM1
 Show abstract
30732132 Male infer
tility
 Chinese
 5261 (3302 case
s, 1959 control
s)
 Male infertility GSTT1
 Show abstract
28944422 Male infer
tility

Male infertility
Show abstract
8607970 Associated
with the
fibrous sh
eath, that
becomes a
n integral
part of t
he mouse s
perm cytos
keleton

Male infertility
Show abstract
26663067 Idiopathic
male infe
rtility
 SPO11 c.517C>T(rs28368082), A>G transition at nucleotide 313 in the exon 5 of the GSTP1 gene, and the combined genotypes of GSTM1 (-/-), GSTT1 (+/+), GSTP1 (AA) and SPO11 (CT) Chinese
Han
 414 (216 idiopa
thic male infer
tility cases, 1
98 normal sampl
es)
 Male infertility
Show abstract
24012201 Non obstru
ctive azoo
spermia
31 (4 controls,
27 cases)
 Male infertility GSE45885 analyzed by GEO2R (cutoff 1.5 fold)
 Show abstract
23869807 Non obstru
ctive azoo
spermia, S
ertoli cel
l only syn
drome
20 (4 controls,
16 cases)
 Male infertility GSE45887 analyzed by GEO2R (cutoff 1.5 fold)
 Show abstract
29376593 Male infer
tility
264 (160 infert
ile Russian men
of reproductiv
e age, 104 heal
thy Russian vol
unteers)
 Male infertility
Show abstract